TENSES
Tense: The word ‘tense’ is basically a
noun which means time. Broadly speaking, ‘Tense’ is a change in the form of a
verb to indicate the time of action or the state of someone or something.
Tenses are of three kinds –
Present, Past and Future. Each of these is again subdivided into four
sub-divisions. Hence altogether tenses are of twelve kinds. That means every
action can be described in twelve different ways depending upon the time of its
occurrence.
Aspect: Aspect refers to how the meaning of
a verb is considered in relation to time, typically expressing whether an
action happens regularly, is continuous or complete.
TABLE OF TENSES
PRESENT
TENSE
1. SIMPLE PRESENT
[V1 (or) V1+s/es]
Usage: habitual
actions, universal truths, proverbs etc.
Keywords: everyday, always, usually, often, regularly, on
Sunday, generally, never, rarely, seldom etc.
Eg: a) I go to Delhi every year.
b) He drinks milk every
day.
c) She goes to church on
Sunday.
d) The sun rises in the
east.
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PAST TENSE
1. SIMPLE PAST
[V2]
Usage:
indicates an action completed in the past.
Keywords:
yesterday, last week/year, in 1990, ago etc.
Eg: a) I
went to Delhi last month.
b) The train left the platform ten minutes ago.
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FUTURE TENSE
1. SIMPLE FUTURE
[shall/will + V1]
Usage: indicates
an action that is going to occur in the future.
Keywords:
tomorrow, next month, in 2020 etc.
Eg: a) I
will go to Delhi next month.
b) She will go to church tomorrow.
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2. PRESENT
CONTINUOUS [ am/is/are + ing ]
Usage: indicates
the action going on at the time of speaking
Keywords:
now, at present, at the moment, look, see, listen, don’t disturb, don’t make
a noise etc.
Eg: a) I
am watching TV now.
b) Look, the old man is crossing the road.
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2.PAST
CONTINUOUS [ was/were + ing]
Usage: i)
used when the exact time of a past action is mentioned.
ii) If two past incidents occurred at the same time, then
the longer duration action takes Past Continuous and the shorter
duration action takes Simple Past.
iii) If two past actions of equal duration occurred (began
and stopped) at the same time, then both take Past Continuous.
Keywords:
when, while etc.
Eg: a) I was
watching TV at 8 O’clock last night.
b) I was watching TV when she came to my house.
c) When Rome was burning, Nero was fiddling.
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2. FUTURE
CONTINUOUS [ shall/will +
be + ing]
Usage: i)
used when the exact time of a
future action is known.
ii) If two future actions are likely to occur at the same
time, then the shorter duration action takes Simple Present and the longer
duration action takes Future Continuous.
Keywords:
when, while etc.
Eg: a)I shall/will be watching TV at 8 O’ clock
tomorrow morning.
b) I will be watching TV
when you come to my house.
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3. PRESENT
PERFECT [ has/have +
V3]
Usage: i)
indicates an action that has completed just now.
ii) used to indicate past.
Keywords:
just(now), recently, so far, (not) yet, already, how long, today, this
morning/week etc.
Eg: a)
The train has arrived on the platform just now.
b) He has come to Hyderabad recently.
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3. PAST PERFECT
[ had+ V3]
Usage: i) It is used when two past incidents
occurred one after/before the other.
Note: ‘had’
is always used with the first occurred incident.
Keywords:
before, after, when, for etc.
Eg: a)
The train had left the platform before she reached the station.
b) The train left the platform after she had
reached the station.
c) I thanked him for what he had done.
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3. FUTURE
PERFECT [ shall/will +have + V3]
Usage: indicates
the expected time of completion of an action in the future.
Keywords:
by+ future time.
Eg: a) I
will have reached Delhi by this time tomorrow.
b) They will have completed their B.Tech by 2018.
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4. PRESENT
PERFECT CONTINUOUS
[ has/have + been + ing]
Usage: indicates
that the action which began in the past is still continuing.
Keywords:
for, since.
Note: ‘for’ indicates period of time ( e.g.- for 2 years)
‘since’ indicates (starting) point of time [e.g.- since
2008]
Eg: a)
She has been suffering from fever since Monday.
b) She has been suffering from fever for five days.
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4. PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS [had been +ing]
Usage: indicates
that an action which began in the past had been continuing for certain
duration before another past incident took place.
Note : If there are two past incidents + for/since
in a sentence, the shorter duration action takes Simple Past and the
longer duration action takes Past Perfect Continuous.
Keywords:
for/since + past action(s)
Eg: i)
She had been learning JAVA for three months before she joined this
college.
ii) He said that he had been learning
grammar for a year.(Indirect Speech)
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4. FUTURE
PERFECT CONTINUOUS [
shall/will + have been + ing]
Usage: indicates
how long an action will have been continuing at a point of time in the
future.
Keywords:
by + future time +for/since
Eg: a) I
shall have been learning classical dance for two years by next month.
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EXERCISE
1. The girl
fell asleep while she_______________(watch) TV.
2. Ravi usually______________(sit)
at the back of his class.
3. They________________(repair)
the old bridge now.
4. The train
_________________(leave) the platform an hour ago.
5. It
_________________(rain) since 8 O’ clock in the morning.
6. When I
met him last, he ____________(learn) French for six months.
7. The train
__________________(leave) the platform before we arrived.
8. He
_____________________(finish) the work before
we reached the garage.
9.
English____________________(speak) all over the world.
10. She met
with an accident while she __________________(cross) the road.
11. He
_____________________ (read) the novel since 9 O’ clock.
12. I met
Rahul yesterday but I______________(not, see) him today.
13. The
telephone rang while I ________________(talk) to my friend.
14. When he
_______________(teach), all the boys remained silent.
15. The dish
________________(taste) delicious.
16. She
__________________(arrive) from Chennai just now.
17.She
_______________(sleep) till 8 O’ clock in the morning.
18. Akbar______________(rule)
India long ago.
19. Jenny
____________(wait) for me when I arrived.
20. When I
reached the meeting hall, the President ________________(already start) his
lecture.
21. He
________________(go)to office by bus.
22. It
__________________(rain) when I met him.
23. The
Joint Director _______________(work) here since 2001.
24. Leela
___________(read) a novel now.
25. He
_______________(work) in this office for three years.
26. She
________________(own) a big house in Hyderabad.
27. He
__________(return) from London last week.
28.
Abhi__________(go) for a walk every morning.
29.
Prahalada and Tobit ______________(arrive) ten minutes ago.
30. Salomi
___________(suffer) from fever for a week.
31. Harish
_____________(write) with left hand.
32. I __________(receive)
a letter from my brother yesterday.
33. Arun
__________(swim) in the pool for five hours.
34. I
__________ Raju for a long time (see).
35. I
_____________about him before I went to England (hear).
36. He
_________________(play ) the whole day and now he is tired.
37. My
sister never ______________(drink) tea.
38. I
___________ my work before you came (do).
39. Last
year, Harsha ________________(learn) Spanish for three years.
40. I
_____________ all the plays of Shakespeare (read).
41. The
manager _________________(speak) to me before he left for England.
42. He felt
that he ________________ by the shopkeeper(cheat)
QUESTIONS FROM JUNE 2014 PAPER
43. Raju
____________ to the library once in a week regularly. (go)
44. When we
reached the stadium, the match ___________ already. ( start)
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